The Circulatory System

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• openerChapter Opener — The Circulatory System
• openerChapter 48 The Circulatory System — Chapter Contents / Visual Outline / Introduction
• p. 106448.1 Invertebrate Circulatory Systems
• p. 1065end of 48.1 Invertebrate Circulatory Systems; start of 48.2 The Components of Vertebrate Blood
• p. 106648.2 The Components of Vertebrate Blood (plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets)
• p. 106748.2 Blood clotting; blood cells arise from stem cells
• p. 1068end of 48.2 (Figure 48.4 stem cells); start of 48.3 Vertebrate Circulatory Systems
• p. 106948.3 Fish heart wrap-up; double circulation intro; amphibian circulation; Figure 48.6
• p. 107048.3 Reptilian circulation; four-chambered hearts; circulation through a four-chambered heart
• p. 1071end of 48.3 (four-chambered circulation, SA node); start of 48.4 Cardiac Cycle, Electrical Conduction, ECG, and Cardiac Output
• p. 107248.4 Cardiac cycle, heart sounds, electrical conduction, ECG intro
• p. 1073Figure 48.9 The cardiac cycle (5-step diagram + volume/sound graph)
• p. 107448.4 Figure 48.10 electrical conduction path + ECG trace; Cardiac output
• p. 1075Table 48.2 cardiac output vs exercise; Learning Outcomes Review 48.4; 48.5 Blood Pressure and Blood Vessels intro; arterial BP measurement
• p. 107648.5 Figure 48.11 blood pressure measurement; baroreceptor reflex intro
• p. 107848.5 Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone, ANP, nitric oxide; vessel wall layers; Figure 48.13
• p. 107948.5 Vasoconstriction/dilation and heat regulation; capillary network; Figure 48.14, 48.15
• p. 108048.5 end (varicose veins); 48.6 Lymphatic System; Figure 48.16
• p. 108148.7 Cardiovascular Disease (atherosclerosis, heart attack, angina, stroke); Learning Outcomes Review 48.5; Figure 48.17
• p. 1082Chapter Review — condensed recap of sections 48.1 to 48.5
• p. 1083Visual Summary diagram; Review Questions (Understand) 1-4
• p. 1084Review Questions (Understand 5-8, Apply 1-4) and Synthesize 1-4